I doubt that a cell is so simple that turning on some reaction to light is the same as doing something else the cell is capable of. Cells are complicated, and have many gates and channels, and cell activity is not uniform and designed to do the same things or triggered by all one mechanism…we cannot be so simplistic. Some are inhibitory and others excitatory, in the same cell. Some effects occur when a certain proportion of cells fire, or for a certain duration occurs, or cells with the proper interconnections are accumulated by signal, which can also differ by type of signal or mechanism.

Now THAT’s the purpose and function of democracy: to promulgate the will of the few…it is just an alternative method to other political systems, but it has the exact same large outcome as any other system: an alternative to outright murder and lawlessness, period. Just a variation of form, not of function, to any other conquest based enterprise, which is: dominance of the many by the few, and in as many ways as possible.

If by programming we can replace animal instinct (reptile brain) influences that subtly weave us right back into excesses, then THAT’s the reason for advances…and learning the HOW, not the WHY. Thus we can re-wire ourselves to avoid irrational destructive excesses, by bypassing the reptilian and animal “in-humane” excesses when we don’t need more food or shelter or knowledge or power in our immediate persons. The UN is just another iteration of the same old power and brutality of our reptilian impulses dominating to excess.

No, just how. Why is anthropomorphic projection, a source of error.

“That is the central idea of democracy.” You’re joking, right? Or are you projecting again? That is a very lazy scientist, to bypass the scientific method that actually produces advances.

Having clinical depression since early teens I’ve been keeping an eye on the study of tDCS, rTMS and neurofeedback and all three are really showing promise with lasting effects / neuroplasticity. Not sure on addictions though.