University of California, Berkeley scientist Ben Freivogel combined the cosmological models of large-scale structure formation with the physics of dark-matter axions to predict the most likely value for the ratio of dark matter to normal matter that would allow observers like us to emerge, assuming that the number of observers in a universe is proportional to the number of galaxies within it.

Supporting the antropic principle, his calculations show that of all the observers that might exist across the many universes, most would live in a universe with the dark matter abundance found in ours. In other words, we would be less likely to be here if our abundance of dark matter were different.