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Growing new brains with infrared light [exclusive]

May 24, 2013

Illustration of the "neuronal beacon" for guiding axon growth direction (credit: B. Black et al./Optics Letters)

University of Texas Arlington scientists have discovered a way to control the growth or repair of neurons and neuron circuits, using a non-invasive “neuronal beacon” (near-IR laser beam) — essentially rewiring brains, or even creating new ones.

This major discovery, just published today in Optics Letters, promises to enable several new applications, UT Arlington assistant professor of physics Samarendra Mohanty said in an exclusive interview with KurzweilAI:

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    Baby’s life saved with 3D printed device to restore breathing

    May 24, 2013

    A baby’s life was saved with this groundbreaking 3-D printed device that restored his breathing (credit: University of Michigan Health System)

    A bioresorbable splint used for first time, successfully stopped life-threatening tracheobronchomalacia, a case featured in New England Journal of Medicine.

    Every day, a baby, Kaiba, stopped breathing, his collapsed bronchus blocking the crucial flow of air to his lungs. Parents April and Bryan Gionfriddo watched helplessly.

    They found hope at the University of Michigan, where a new, bioresorbable device that could help Kaiba was… read more

    Worm ‘EEG’ tests neural effects of drugs

    May 24, 2013

    Roundworms' secret of long life: being cool (credit: The Goldstein Lab)

    Scientists from the University of Southampton have developed a microfluidic electrophysiological device called a NeuroChip that records the neural activity in the microscopic worm Caenorhadbitis elegans  (C. elegans) — the worm equivalent of an EEG —.to help test the effects of drugs.

    How to record a worm’s ‘EEG’

    With the NeuroChip, you feed the  worm into a narrow, fluid-filled channel that tapers at… read more

    Nanoscale whirlpools could multiply magnetic memory

    May 24, 2013

    Magnetic transmission soft x-ray microscopy shows the reverse of spin circularity in magnetic vortices in a row of nanodisks, after applying a 1.5 nanosecond pulse of magnetic field. The change from left to right is not a change in lighting, as it may appear, but is instead due to changing magnetic contrast.

    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) researchers have used the unique capabilities of the Lab’s Advanced Light Source (ALS) to advance a new concept in magnetic memory.

    “What we’re working on now could make these gadgets perform hundreds of times better and also be a hundred times more energy efficient,” says the Lab’s Peter Fischer.

    Four memory states

    Magnetic memories store… read more

    Bitcoin attracts major investors

    May 24, 2013

    bitcoin

    Bitcoin is gaining traction outside its existing community of enthusiastic early adopters.

    An estimated 1,100 people attended Bitcoin 2013, the first large conference dedicated to Bitcoin, MIT Technology Review reports. The conference also showed that Bitcoin has begun to attract the backing of conventional technology industry investors, who have sunk millions of dollars into a handful of Bitcoin startups.

    In the Bitcoin system,… read more

    An interplanetary GPS using pulsar signals

    May 24, 2013

    rotation_powered_pulsar

    Researchers have worked out the practical details for an autonomous spacecraft navigation system using signals from pulsars in essentially the same way that we use GPS satellites to navigate on Earth, MIT Technology Review reports.

    A pulsar is a rotating neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation at a very precise interval between pulses that ranges from milliseconds to seconds.

    By measuring the arrival time… read more

    Radioactive nanoparticles selectively target cancer cells

    May 23, 2013

    the nanoparticles as designed by Lewis and Robertson. The green interior depicts the radioactive lutetium surrounded by a gold shell. Credit can go to Michael Lewis, University of Missouri and Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital.

    Researchers at the University of Missouri have found a way to create radioactive nanoparticles that target lymphoma tumor cells wherever they may be in the body.

    Michael Lewis, an associate professor of oncology in the MU College of Veterinary Medicine, says being able to target secondary tumors is vital to successfully treating patients with progressive cancers.

    “Depending on the type of cancer, primary tumors… read more

    Long-term benefit of TMS in patients with depression shown

    May 23, 2013

    NeuroStar TMS System (credit:

    New data show that the NeuroStar TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) Therapy System induced statistically and clinically meaningful response and remission in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) during the acute phase of therapy, and the effects were maintained through one year of treatment.

    At the end of acute treatment, 62 percent of patients achieved symptomatic improvement while 41 percent reported complete remission. At 12 months,… read more

    NASA experiment to examine the beginnings of the universe

    May 23, 2013

    The entrance of the CIBER optics, showing two near-infrared wide-field cameras (top), an absolute spectrometer (lower left) and a Fraunhofer line spectrometer (lower right) (credit: Jamie Bock/Caltech)

    When did the first stars and galaxies form in the universe? How brightly did they burn their nuclear fuel?

    Scientists will seek to gain answers to these questions with the launch of the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRIment (CIBER) on a Black Brant XII suborbital sounding rocket between 11 and 11:59 p.m. EDT, June 4 from the Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia.

    Jamie Bock, CIBER principal investigator… read more

    A new tumor-killer

    May 23, 2013

    saxs_hamlet

    Scientists from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and Lund University, Sweden, have bioengineered a novel molecule proven to successfully kill tumor cells.

    This molecule is based on a natural protein present in human breast milk, which has been found to have strong and wide-ranging tumor killing properties when bound to certain lipids. Lipids are organic molecules like amino acids and carbohydrates, made up of carbon and… read more

    A new method for producing clean hydrogen

    May 23, 2013

    TEM_image_Au-a-Fe2O3_catalyst

    Duke University engineers have developed a novel method for producing clean hydrogen, which could prove essential to weaning society off of fossil fuels and their environmental implications.

    While hydrogen is ubiquitous in the environment, producing and collecting molecular hydrogen for transportation and industrial uses is expensive and complicated. Just as importantly, a byproduct of most current methods of producing hydrogen is carbon monoxide, which is… read more

    Scanadu Scout ‘Tricorder’ launches on indiegogo

    May 23, 2013

    Scanadu Scout (credit: Scanadu)

    Scanadu has announced updates to its Scanadu Scout, the “first medical Tricorder,” a prototype device designed to measure vital signs; and the launch of an indiegogo campaign.

    A first-edition Scout can be reserved on indiegogo and will be available in March 2014.

    The Scout is sold as an exploratory tool. “By helping us collect data, we can file our application to the FDA for market… read more

    Stephen Hawking’s life: a comic book

    May 23, 2013

    hawking comic

    Released May 23, “Stephen Hawking: Riddles of Time & Space” is an illustrated version of Hawking’s life story in comic-book form.

    “The most surprising thing about Stephen Hawking is his razor wire wit that is sometimes withering and other times matched with a puckish sense of humor. He maintains a child’s delight in discovery and credits his disability for allowing him to focus his mind.

    “Our… read more

    Russia developing anti-terrorist robots

    May 23, 2013

    russian_robots

    Russian experts are developing robots designed to minimize casualties in terrorist attacks and neutralize terrorists, Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin said on May 17, RIA Novosti reports.

    Robots could also help evacuate injured servicemen and civilians from the scene of a terrorist attack, said Rogozin, who oversees the defense industry.

    Other anti-terror equipment Russia is developing includes systems that can see terrorists through obstacles and… read more

    A 3D-printed navy?

    May 23, 2013

    The Northrop Grumman-built Triton unmanned aircraft system completed its first flight on May 22, 2013. Could a future version be 3D-printed? (Credit: Northrop Grumman by Bob Brown)

    Instead a carrying spare parts, space-constrained U.S. Navy ships in the future might carry 3-D printers and bags of various powdered ingredients, and simply download the design files needed to print items as necessary, according to the Armed Forces Journal,

    “Perhaps closer at hand is a distributed global production network in which sailors and Marines send an email with a digital scan or design for a

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    Robotic space-colony construction, cubesats for Mars, transhumanists on space, and more….

    May 22, 2013 by Amara D. Angelica

    Artist's concept of jig factory in space (credit: Anna Nesterova and John Strickland)

    The International Space Development Conference (ISDC), produced by the National Space Society (NSS) — the happening place to learn about the future of space — kicks off Thursday May 23 and runs through Monday May 27 at the Hyatt Regency La Jolla in San Diego, California. ISDC speakers will discuss a wide range of breakthroughs in space development. Here are just two that I find especially interesting. (Full… read more

    book review | The Transhumanist Wager

    May 15, 2013 by Giulio Prisco

    The Transhumanist Wager

    Zoltan Istvan’s The Transhumanist Wager is an epic story of radical libertarian ideas, their enemies, and the violent global conflict that ensues, painted in strong saturated colors with little room for intermediate shades and character development.

    After reading cover to cover, and then reading it more carefully, I have mixed love/hate feelings about this novel.

    It’s a page turner. Istvan — a former journalist… read more

    Ask Ray | An interesting article about body and mind

    May 14, 2013

    gear brain

    This is a really interesting article about body and mind which I recently read. I wanted to share it with my readers:

    The New York Times | “I am not this body”

    Here is a compelling excerpt: “I do not identify with my body. I have a body but I am a mind.

    “My body and I have an intimate but awkward relationship, like foreign roommates who share… read more

    An autonomous flying car? Really?

    May 12, 2013 by Amara D. Angelica

    Artist's impression of TF-X future flying car in flight (credit: Terrafugia Inc.)

    “Where’s my flying car?”

    Skeptics have trashed predictions of flying cars with this annoying question ever since the Jetsons.

    But now Terrafugia Inc. has announced feasibility studies of a four-seat, vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) [similar to a helicopter] plug-in hybrid-electric flying car, the TF-X.

    Just tell it where to go. It flies (and lands) for you — no runway needed — and… read more

    Google’s self-driving car gathers nearly 1 GB/sec

    May 4, 2013 by Amara D. Angelica

    googlecarsees

    “Google’s self-driving car gathers 750 megabytes of sensor data per SECOND! That is just mind-boggling to me. Here is a picture of what the car ‘sees’ while it is driving and about to make a left turn. It is capturing every single thing that it sees moving — cars, trucks, birds, rolling balls, dropped cigarette butts, and fusing all that together to make its decisions while driving. If it sees… read more

    Ask Ray | How do you gauge if strong AI is a few years away?

    April 30, 2013

    silver robot with cosmos

    Mr. Kurzweil,

    I’m currently in the middle of How to Create a Mind. I’m struggling with this one a bit more than you’re other books, but it’s very enjoyable and elucidating.

    You have for some time predicted human level machine intelligence arriving by 2029.

    However, in Mind you estimate the speed of a computer necessary to simulate the brain at 100 trillion cps, and state that the… read more

    Ask Ray | How can I maintain my stream of personal identity?

    April 24, 2013

    brain wiring

    Dr. Kurzweil,

    My name is Stanley. I too was born and bred in Queens, New York. I am also an Alcor member since 1992. I was part of the New York stabilization team and was part many cryonic cases.

    I I am currently experiencing an extreme case of death terror.

    I am 45 years old and am desperate not to require cryopreservation, and live to be uploaded.… read more

    The Limits of the Earth — Part 2: Expanding the Limits

    April 19, 2013 by Ramez Naam

    Naam-Limits-of-Earth-Part1-001-earth (600x600)

    This is part two of a two-part series on the limits of human economic growth on planet Earth.  Part one details some of the environmental and natural resource challenges we’re up against. Part two, here, looks at the ultimate size of the resource pool and solutions to our problems.  Both parts are based on Ramez Naam’s new book, The Infinite Resource: The Power of Ideas on a Finiteread more

    The Limits of the Earth — Part 1: Problems

    April 18, 2013 by Ramez Naam

    Naam-Limits-of-Earth-Part1-001-earth (600x600)

    This is part one of a two-part series on the limits of human economic growth on planet Earth. Part one details some of the environmental and natural resource challenges we’re up against. Part two, on the ultimate size of the resource pool and solutions to our problems, will be published tomorrow and linked here. Both parts are based on Ramez Naam’s new book, The Infinite Resource: The Powerread more

    Ask Ray | Potential for elitization of the Singularity

    April 17, 2013

    (credit: stock image)

    Dear Professor Kurzweil,

    I was hoping for your views on the potential elitization of Singularity that could lead to exacerbation of class/opportunity/economic division.

    The ongoing quest for extending human life and artificially enhancing its quality testifies to our instincts for permanence and survival at all cost.

    Technologically acquired supremacy breaks the well accepted paradigm that improved life span, physical and cognitive performance is possible only with practice, studious effort and a healthy… read more

    The BRAIN mapping initiative needs rethinking

    April 10, 2013 by Don Stein

    Grid structure of cerebral pathways (credit: Science)

    As a biomedical research scientist I am concerned about President Obama’s broad new research initiative ”to map the human brain.”

    The BRAIN ((Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) initiative is a very ambitious, and perhaps even noble, effort, and I am most definitely not against imaging or nanotechnology as tools for research.

    But, without specific goals, hypotheses or endpoints, the research effort becomes a fishing expedition. That is,… read more

    Man will become like God, say Mormons and transhumanists in Salt Lake City

    April 10, 2013 by Giulio Prisco

    mta2013

    Like every year, I attended the yearly conference of the Mormon Transhumanist Association (MTA), on April 6 in Salt Lake City.

    It is no mystery that I am very fond of the MTA. I think it represents the best example of successful integration of transhumanist ideas in a mainstream religion, and one of the best transhumanist communities.

    Man becoming godlike: belief or heresy?read more

    Ask Ray | Thoughts on the consequences of the elimination of aging

    April 8, 2013

    orange heads with DNA

    Hello Ray,

    I would like to begin by stating that I am a huge fan and supporter of yours. I read your book The Singularity Is Near last year, and I was enchanted by all of your ideas on the exponential development of human technology and science. I am 100% singularitarian.

    I understand that you are a very busy man, but I would tremendously appreciate it if you… read more

    Giant mutant rats invade Google servers, take over Internet, replace ‘tweets’ with ‘squeaks’

    April 1, 2013 by Amara D. Angelica

    "Endorse me or else" (credit: .wikia.nocookie.net)

    OK, it’s April 1 again, so let’s see who’s been paying attention over the past year. Which of these are:

    a. An actual KurzweilAI news or blog post, based on facts.
    b. An actual KurzweilAI news or blog post, but based on speculation.
    c.  Fake news.

    1. Rats can communicate with other rats 1000s of miles away, helping other rats navigate mazes.

    2. Reality is created by… read more

    Keep your laws off my body!

    March 29, 2013 by Giulio Prisco

    balduzzi-dicci-si

    Let’s say you have a incurable illness, and someone has developed a controversial stem-cell treatment that has led to a cure in about 80 patients. Do you have a right to ignore government regulations prohibiting its use?

    If you live in Italy, the answer is si, thanks to Italy’s health minister, Renato Balduzzi, who has decreed that a stem-cell treatment can continue in 32 terminally ill patients, mostly children — even though… read more

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