The next step after reading genetic code is writing it. Biotech pioneers J. Craig Venter and Hamilton Smith recently launched Synthetic Genomics, a Rockville, MD-based “synthetic biology” startup aimed at creating custom-made micro-organisms.

They are synthesizing entirely new DNA strands with the aim of controlling a particular life function. They then insert those into cells and have them execute that function.

The focus is on big problems with global impact, initially energy and global warming. Specifically, they’re looking at how to optimize microorganisms that generate ethanol and hydrogen. But there’s potential application for any carbon-based industry.